Gouldenomics: May 2007

Wednesday, May 30, 2007

Nuclear by Country

Percentage of country's electricity that is generated by nuclear power:

-France: 78.1%
-Lithuania: 72.3%
-Slovak Republic: 57.2%
-Belgium: 54.5%
-Sweden: 48.0%
-Ukraine: 47.5%
-Bulgaria: 43.6%
-Armenia: 42%
-Slovenia: 40.3%
-Korea: 38.6%
-Hungary: 37.7%
-Switzerland: 37.4%
-Germany: 31.8%
-Czech Republic: 31.5%
-Japan: 30.0%
-Finland: 28.0%
-Spain: 19.8%
-US: 19.4%
-UK: 18.4%
-Russia: 15.9%
-Canada: 15.8%
-Romania: 9.0%
-Argentina: 6.9%
-Mexico: 4.9%
-South Africa: 4.4%
-Netherlands: 3.5%
-Brazil: 3.3%
-Pakistan: 2.7%
-India: 2.6%
-China: 2.3%

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency

10 Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

(For people ages 10 to 24)

1. Road traffic injuries
2. HIV/AIDS
3. Respiratory infections
4. Self-inflicted injuries
5. Violence
6. Tuberculosis
7. Drowning
8. Fires
9. War
10. Leukemia

Source: World Health Organization

Tuesday, May 29, 2007

Sharks - Predator or Prey?

"The reality is that these fearsome predators kill an average of four people worldwide every year, while humans kill anywhere from 26 million to 73 million sharks annually."

Fish Story's New Reality Is That Man Bites Shark
by Juliet Eilperin

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/26/AR2007052601261.html?nav=rss_nation

Handbook for Life: 52 Tips for Happiness & Productivity

The problem with these lists is that they create "overloads" where people feel inundated with advice. In addition, there are probably thousands of these lists floating around...

http://zenhabits.net/2007/05/handbook-for-life-52-tips-for-happiness-and-productivity/

26 Reasons What You Think is Right is Wrong

A cognitive bias is something that our minds commonly do to distort our own view of reality. Here are the 26 most studied and widely accepted cognitive biases.

http://www.healthbolt.net/2007/02/14/26-reasons-what-you-think-is-right-is-wrong/

Guess What Happened on Your B-Day

Get a snapshot of everything happening on the day you were born, from others birthdays to the current Rolling Stone cover to the price of eggs.

http://www.kakophone.com/kakorama/EN/index.php

100 Words Every High School Grad Should Know

The editors of the American Heritage dictionaries have compiled a list of 100 words they recommend every high school graduate should know.

http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/booksellers/press_release/100words/

Hidden US Debt

Rules 'Hiding' Trillions in Debt
by Dennis Cauchon

http://usatoday.printthis.clickability.com/pt/cpt?action=cpt&title=USATODAY.com&expire=&urlID=22498576&fb=Y&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fprintedition%2Fnews%2F20070529%2F1a_lede29.art.htm&partnerID=1660

Tipping Point of Gas - $4.38?

"The average price that drivers said would compel them to significantly cut back on their driving was $4.38 a gallon. In the western United States, where gasoline prices are typically higher than in the rest of the country, the average respondent said the price would have to hit $5.12 a gallon...The share of the U.S. household budget devoted to gasoline and oil spending fluctuated between 3.4 percent and 3.6 percent throughout the 1960s, rose to 5 percent in 1981 after the two oil price shocks of the 1970s, then fell back to an all-time low of 2.1 percent in 1998. Last year, it was up to 3.8 percent."

Tipping-Point Shock
by Steven Mufson and Jon Cohen
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/23/AR2007052301465.html

Kaiten Sushi (回転寿司) - Design & Engineering Stats

"You may have noticed that all the sushi at Kaiten Sushi restaurants are moving in a clockwise direction. According to stats, a majority of people are dominant right eye. People with dominant right eye find it easier to watch something moving from right to left. It is also easier for right-handed people to take a sushi plate moving right to left."

"The best speed is approximately 10 centimeters per second. (That is less than 4 inches per second or .224 miles per hour.)"

(Wikipedia US says that 8cm/second is optimal speed. Obviously, if you go too quickly, the turns could be too hazardous and the sushi could dry out to quickly...too slow and hungry eaters could get impatient...)

I still wonder if kaiten speeds are different in the US and Japan...

http://www.everythingisdesign.com/2007/04/26/conveyor-belt-sushi-user-experience-learnings/

Here are links to the two makers of kaiten sushi conveyor belts:

*http://www.j-crescent.com/english/

*http://k-kakoh.co.jp/

Smoking & Global Warming?

I've always wondered if smoking contributes significantly to global warming. I guess it is all a matter of how one defines "significant."

"China is the world's largest tobacco producing and consuming country with more than 350 million smokers...about 100,000 Chinese die annually from diseases associated with passive smoking while more than half a billion on the mainland suffer from the smoke exhaled from cigarettes..."

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070529/wl_nm/china_smoking_dc

Thursday, May 24, 2007

Offshore Secrecy Jurisdictions

Countries or Territories named as "Offshore Secrecy Jurisdictions" under the Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act:

Asia
Hong Kong
Singapore

Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba Bahamas
Barbados
Dominica
Grenada
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
Panama

Europe
Cyprus
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Malta
Switzerland

South Pacific
Cook Islands
Nauru
Samoa
Vanuatu

United Kingdom (territories and dependencies)
Anguilla
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Gibraltar
Guernsey/Sark/Alderney
Isle of Man
Jersey
Turks and Caicos

Tuesday, May 15, 2007

How to Tie the Ten Most Useful Knots

I am suprised that the noose - the knot that has probably had a greater affect on human civilization than any other knot - was not included...Sheesh, people are too PC these days...

1. Overhand Knot
2. Figure Eight
3. Reef (Square) Knot
4. Sheet (Becket) Bend
5. Carrick Bend
6. Bowline
7. Clove Hitch
8. Timber Hitch
9. Taut-Line Hitch
10. Sheepshank

http://www.motherearthnews.com/gallery.aspx?id=113446

How Humanity Became an Urban Species

"The rural contribution to human progress seems slight compared with the urban one...Cities' development is synonymous with human development...The United Nations forecasts that today's urban population of 3.2 billion will rise to nearly 5 billion by 2030, when three out of five people will live in cities...Some will live in a megacity, defined as home to 10m or more inhabitants. In 1950 only New York and Tokyo could claim to be as big, but by 2020, says the UN, nine cities—Delhi, Dhaka, Jakarta, Lagos, Mexico City, Mumbai, New York, São Paulo and Tokyo—will have more than 20m inhabitants. Greater Tokyo already has 35m, more than the entire population of Canada."

The World Goes to Town
http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9070726

Human Evolution Has Stalled

"Artificially prolonging the lifespan of genetically inferior instances of the species runs counter to the purpose of evolution. It makes us all weaker."

http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2007/5/4/16173/49595

34 Short Videos That Destroy Popular Myths About Food

The Truth About Food:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/humanbody/truthaboutfood/flashapp/nonflash.shtml

The Face, Not the Body, Attracts a Mate

"For women rating men, 52 per cent of the attractiveness score was made up by the face rating, while for bodies it was 24 per cent."

The Face, Not the Body, Attracts a Mate
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11833-the-face-not-the-body-attracts-a-mate.html

Religion & Evolution

Q: Haven't studies shown that religious believers tend to be more optimistic, and that they're less prone to strokes and high blood pressure?

A: Yes, exactly. Therefore, evolution will select them.

Manufacturing Belief
by Steve Paulson
http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2007/05/15/lewis_wolpert/

Power of Drudge

On the Drudge Report:

"Though reporters, and blogs like the Drudge Report, take credit for scoops, the news of the day is more often than not produced by the invisible hand of one campaign or another...Most of the time, the fingerprints of opposition research shops are untraceable...Of course, such leaks of prepackaged stories are not new. Throughout modern American political history, presidential campaigns have spent significant amounts of money on organized efforts to dig up dirt on their rivals and shape media coverage. What has changed is the pace and profusion of stories based on opposition research, especially this early in the campaign cycle. There are now more outlets clamoring for the information than ever before, and more competition from reporters for the latest 'scoop.' "

This makes me wonder how many non-political news stories are strategically leaked...

The Matt Drudge Primary
by Michael Scherer
http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2007/05/14/drudge/?source=rss

Optimizing Alcohol Consumption

"Depending on the person, the 'best' feelings from alcohol come when your BAC is between 0.03 and 0.12."

http://www.calwineries.com/learn/wine-chemistry/alcohol/optimize-your-buzz

Occam's Razor

Questioning the theory of simplicity...

http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/05/why_the_simplest_theory_is_alm.php

Oil Consumption by Country

Countries in decreasing order of oil consumption. (Barrels per day, as of 2003.)

*United States: 20,033,504
*Japan: 5,578,386
*China: 5,550,000
*Germany: 2,677,443
*Russia: 2,675,000
*India: 2,320,000
*Canada: 2,193,263
*South Korea: 2,168,128
*Brazil: 2,100,000
*France: 2,059,843
*Mexico: 2,015,232
*Italy: 1,874,380
*Saudi Arabia: 1,775,000
*United Kingdom: 1,722,419
*Spain: 1,544,260
*Iran: 1,425,000
*Indonesia: 1,155,000

http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/tablee2.xls

Map of Oil-Producing Countries

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_producing_countries_map.png

OPEC

OPEC's 12 member countries account for 2/3 of the world's oil reserves, and, in 2005, 41.7% of the world's oil production. OPEC is said to be losing influence over world oil prices because its members have little excess pumping capacity.

Fact: Although the official language of a 7-nation majority of OPEC member-states is Arabic, OPEC's official langauge is English.

Oil Currency: Worldwide oil sales are denominated in US dollars, but OPEC has considered changing its oil exchange currency to euros. Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela back the euro idea...

-Algeria
-Angola
-Indonesia
-Iran
-Iraq (excluded from OPEC production quotas since 1994)
-Kuwait
-Libya
-Nigeria
-Qatar
-Saudi Arabia
-UAE
-Venezuela

Private Equity

How many of these private equity (PE) [which includes the categories of: leveraged buyout, venture capital, capital growth, angel investing, and mezzanine capital] firms are out there?

These are the ones I always hear about:

*Cerberus Capital Management
*Blackstone Group
*Carlyle Group
*Bain Capital
*Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR)
*Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers

But Wikipedia lists hundreds of them. So many have generic names (presumably so they can fly under the radar without attracting too much attention) that it is hard to keep track of them...

List of private equity firms from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity_firms

Per Capita Wine Consumption by Country

1. Luxembourg: 16.72 gallons
2. France 15.89
3. Italy: 15.34
4. Portugal: 14.01
5. Slovenia: 13.73
.
.
36. US: 1.95 gallons

(1997 figures; Wine Institute)

http://www.wineinstitute.org/communications/statistics/keyfacts_worldpercapitaconsumption.htm

DC & Wine Consumption

Here's a ranking of comsumption by state (data from Adams Wine Handbook 2004). The numbers are 750-ml bottles per 100 drinking-age adult (weird stat, no?):

1. District of Columbia 3,711
2. New Hampshire 3,123
3. Nevada 2,805
4. Delaware 2,476
5. Massachusetts 2,418
6. Connecticut 2,306
7. Vermont 2,274
8. California 2,258
9. Rhode Island 2,238
10. New Jersey 2,210

"What is interesting is that the 'control' states (where the state sells the alcohol) have much lower consumption, 1,241 bottles per adult on average, than the 'license' states (where licensed retailers sell the alcohol) at 1,607 per adult."

http://zinquisition.blogspot.com/2005/06/wine-consumption-by-state.html

The Curious History of Wine Consumption in America
by Benjamin Bicais
http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Curious-History-Of-Wine-Consumption-In-America&id=10174

Monday, May 14, 2007

Retirement

"...Many people embrace a simle rule of thumb: Your spending needs in retirement will likely amount to 75% to 85% of your preretirement salary. That assumes about one-quarter of your paycheck before retiring goes to taxes, savings, commuting costs and other bills that will shrink or disappear after you leave work."

Spending & Spending Some More
by Kelly Greene
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117804684361888489.html?mod=most_viewed_day

You're a Nobody Unless Your Name Googles Well

"About 7% of all searches are for a person's name, estimates search engine Ask.com. More than 80% of executive recruiters said they routinely use search engines to learn more about candidates, according to a recent survey by executive networking firm ExecuNet. Nearly 40% of individuals have used search engines to look up friends or acquaintances with whom they'd lost touch, according to a Harris Interactive survey commissioned by Microsoft Corp.'s MSN unit."

What about those who choose to remain anonymous? Privacy still counts for some people...

You're a Nobody Unless Your Name Googles Well
by Kevin Delaney
http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB117856222924394753-qdWU6gT1sr_DvqeUqW2Agj2QiZM_20080507.html?mod=tff_main_tff_top

Profit Per Employee

"Profit per employee is probably the single best measure of business health. A rise in profit per employee has preceded every economic recovery, just as a decline in this metric has been an indicator of a coming recession."

http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/research/0,1015,sid%3D15288%26cid%3D102725,00.html

Key Stat: Revenue Per Employee

"Smaller firms, which you would expect to be more productive than their larger competitors actually average just over $100,000 per employee vs. almost $300,000 for the Fortune 500...to give you a feel for the range of productivity generated by leading companies, Wal-Mart averages $170,000 revenue per employee; GE is standing at $436,000; Microsoft is averaging $646,000; and the oil companies are generating over $2 million..."
http://www.gazelles.com/columns/Revenue%20per%20Employee.pdf

Revenue per Employee:
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/revenueperemployee.asp

Human Development Index (HDI)

HDI is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and starndard of living worldwide.

Map:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HDImap2006.png

About:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index

Per Capita GDP

Having the highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world, at $80,471, I see why Luxembourg can afford such a beautiful embassy in Washington, DC... ah, the land of bearer bonds and hedge funds...

1. Luxembourg: $80,471
2. Ireland: $44,087
3. Norway: $43,574
4. US: $43,444
5. Iceland: $40,277
.
.
18. Japan: $32,647
.
.
179. Burundi: $680 (last place)

US Federal Budget

The President's budget for 2007 totals $2.8 trillion. The budget request is broken down by the following expenditures:

$586.1 billion (+7.0%) - Social Security
$466.0 billion (+4.0%) - Defense
$394.5 billion (+12.4%) - Medicare
$367.0 billion (+2.0%) - Unemployment and welfare
$276.4 billion (+2.9%) - Medicaid and other health related
$243.7 billion (+13.4%) - Interest on debt
$89.9 billion (+1.3%) - Education and training
$76.9 billion (+8.1%) - Transportation
$72.6 billion (+5.8%) - Veterans' benefits
$43.5 billion (+9.2%) - Administration of justice
$33.1 billion (+5.7%) - Natural resources and environment
$32.5 billion (-15.4%) - Foreign affairs
$27.0 billion (+3.7%) - Agriculture
$26.8 billion (+28.7%) - Community and regional development
$25.0 billion (+4.0%) - Science and technology
$20.1 billion (+11.4%) - General government
$1.1 billion (-47.6%) - Energy

Estimated receipts for fiscal year 2007 are $2.4 trillion. This expected income is broken down by the following sources:

$1.1 trillion (+12.1%) - Individual income tax
$884.1 billion (+7.4%) - Social Security and other payroll taxes
$260.6 billion (+15.5%) - Corporate income tax
$74.6 billion (-1.3%) - Excise taxes
$28.1 billion (+0.7%) - Customs duties
$23.7 billion (-9.2%) - Estate and gift taxes
$48.4 billion (+14.0%) - Other

Benford's Law

Benford's law states that in lists of numbers from many real-life sources of data, the leading digit is 1 almost 1/3 of the time, and larger numbers occur as the leading digit with less frequency as they grow in magnitude, to the point that 9 is the first digit less than 1 time in 20.

From Marginal Revolution: "For instance about one third of all house numbers start with one. That may be a quirk of bureaucratic numbering psychology, but the principle also applies to the Dow Jones index history, size of files stored on a PC, the length of the world’s rivers, and the numbers in newspapers’ front page headlines. It does not apply to lottery-winning numbers..."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benford

Spelling & Genetics

Blake Giddens, judge in the May 2007 Scripps National Spelling Bee was asked if there is such a thing as a natural speller. The answer: "There is a genetic component but that needs to be nurtured."

This is probably true in the case of most intellectual (and even physical) undertakings. The real question is how much does genetics play a role and how much nurture plays a role...

Different Faces of Capitalism

"Capitalism as practiced in the US is different from capitalism practiced in, say, Singapore or Saudi Arabia. Capitalism...takes many forms, which differ substancially...in their implications for economic growth and elimination of poverty.

"In state-guided capitalism, the government decides which industries get investment, and it often controls the banks and usually emphasizes exports. No country falls exclusively in any one camp, but think of China, much of Southeast Asia and India and, to a degree, Japan. This approach has helped economies propel themselves from also-rans to the first tier. Problems emerge, the economists say, when these economies catch up and no lonber have a clear path ahead. They tend to invest too much in the wrong places, stick too long with yesterday's winners and fail to spot tomorrow's."

"In oligarchic capitalist, prevalent in parts of Latin America and the Arab Middle East, power and wealth are held by a few, and economies are organized to make them, not the general populace, richer."

"Then there's big-firm capitalism, in which big private enterprises dominate. Think much of Western Europe, South Korea, with its chaebols (conglomerates), Japan, to a degree, and the US in the era of John Kenneth Galbraith's 1967 'New Industrial State.'"

"Finally, there is entrepreneurial capitalism, in which small and innovative firms are significant. Think the US, Ireland, Israel, Taiwan and, increasingly, the United Kingdom. Forming a company is easy, socially useful entrepreneurship is rewarded, institutions provide incentives for innovation and growth - a catch-all that encompasses everything from openness to trade to sound bankruptcy laws to effective anti-trust regulation."

Capitalism's Vigor May Hinge on Confronting Its Risks
by David Wessel

Save the Earth Sacrifice Your Returns?

"Investors often pay a price when they add social considerations to the mix. Socially responsible investing funds, including expenses, generally trail traditional competitors, according to Morningstar data. For the 12 months ended April 30, for example, such funds investing in big-company stocks returned 11.63 percent, compared with 12.28 percent for all big-stock funds. For funds investing in mid-size companies, socially minded versions returned 7.65 percent over the period, compared with 10.24 percent for all funds."

I wonder how a socially "irresponsible" fund would do. How about Exxon (XOM), British Petroleum (BP), Phillip Morris (MO), Playboy (PLA), New Frontier Media (NOOF), Diageo (DEO), Constellation Brands (STZ), Anheuser-Busch Companies (BUD), Molson Coors Brewing Company (TAP), Station Casinos (STN), MGM Mirage (MGM), Harrah's Entertainment (HET), Halliburton (HAL), VCG Holdings (PTT), Ricks Cabaret International (RICK), etc...

Check out the 5-year chart on "Vice Fund" VICEX at:
http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=VICEX&t=5y

Save The Earth Sacrifice Your Returns?
by Jeff Brown
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/12/AR2007051200112.html

Friday, May 11, 2007

How Many Countries in the World?

There are 245 entities considered to be countries:

-202 are sovereign states
-38 are inhabited dependent territories
-5 are areas of special sovereignty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countries_of_the_world

GDP Nominal vs. PPP

Notice the difference in China...

2006 Nominal GDP (IMF Figures):

Gross World Product: 48, 144,466,000,000
European Union: 14,527,140,000,000

1. US: 13,244,550,000,000
2. Japan: 4,367,459,000,000
3. Germany: 2,897,032,000,000
4. China: 2,630,113,000,000
5. UK: 2,373,685,000,000

2006 (PPP) GDP (IMF Figures):

Gross World Product: 61,258,714,000,000
European Union: 13,111,389,000,000

1. US: 12,229,276,000,000
2. China: 8,817,394,000,000
3. Japan: 3,946,090,000,000
4. India: 3,729,533,000,000
5. Germany: 2,436,004,000,000

Thursday, May 10, 2007

Cost of War

"If the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan are regarded as a single war, it is about to become the second-costliest in US hisotyr in inflation-adjusted dollars. But the nation has become so wealthy that, unlike in past wars, military spending is only a small fraction of the total economy."

"Total defense spending is 4% of GDP. In contrast, defense spending ate up 14% of GDP at the height of the Korean War and 9% during the Vietnam War."

Cost of War in 2007 Dollars:

-American Revolution: $4 billion
-War of 1812: $1 billion
-Mexican War: $2 billion
-Civil War: $81 billion
-Spanish-American War: $7 billion
-World War I: $364 billion
-World War II: $3.2 trillion
-Korean War: $691 billion
-Vietnam War $650 billion
-Persian Gulf War: $92 billion
-Iraq/Afghanistan: $754 billion

Monday, May 7, 2007

Bon-Kyu-Bon

"All over Japan, retailers are scambling to keep up with a new look known as 'bon-kyu-bon.' It means 'big-small-big' and it signals a change in the way Japanese women look: They're getting curvier...today the average Japanese woman's hips, at 35 inches, are around an inch wider than those of women a generation older. Women in their 20s wear a bra at least two sizes larger than that of their mothers, according to Wacoal (Japan's largest lingerie company.)...the average 20-year-old is also nearly three inches taller than she was in 1950...and the average foot has grown by nearly a quarter of an inch....the physical changes are largely the result of an increasingly Westernized diet."

Developing Nation: Japanese Clothiers Update Their Lines
by Amy Chozick
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117850254294094087.html?mod=todays_us_page_one

America's Most Admired Companies - 2007

Top 20 (From Forbes, March 19, 2007)

Toyota is the only foreign enterprise to crack the top 20 most admired...

Hay Group, which conducted the research for the World's Most Admired Companies list since 1997 and for America's Most Admired Companies since 2001, is a global management-consulting firm.

1. General Electric
2. Starbucks
3. Toyota Motor
4. Berkshire Hathaway
5. Southwest Airlines
6. FedEx
7. Apple
8. Google
9. Johnson & Johnson
10. Procter & Gamble
11. Goldman Sachs
12. Microsoft
13. Target
14. 3M
15. Nordstrom
16. United Parcel Service (UPS)
17. American Express
18. Costco Wholesale
19. PepsiCo.
20. Wal-Mart Stores

The (Profitable) Speakers Circuit

How much do famous people get paid to speak per speech?
Here is a small sampling from the March 19, 2007 Forbes (Page 36)

-Bill Clinton: $150,000 - $300,000+
-Jack Welch: $150,000
-Alan Greenspan: $100,000
-Dana Carvey: $75,000
-Bill Bradley: $25,000 - $40,000
-Mary Matalin: $25,000 - $40,000
-Tucker Carlson: $15,000 - $25,000
-Scott McClellan: $15,000-$25,000
-Joe Theisman: $15,000 - $25,000
-Eleanor Clift: $8,000

So if Clinton spoke once a day for one year, he would make $91,250,000 before taxes - not bad...

Think Tanks

Think Tanks:

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2633/is_3_19/ai_n15787117/pg_1 (Ratings of think tanks in the US)

http://www.thinktankdirectory.com/ (Can buy this over the phone)

http://marketplace.publicradio.org/features/under_the_influence/ (Think tanks and money)

Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA)

FARA Semi-Annual Reports to Congress
http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/fara/links/annualrpts.html

Araki Nobuyoshi

Talk about prolific - this guy has published over 350 books and is still going strong...
http://www.arakinobuyoshi.com/

Foreign Economic Collection

"Entities from a record number of countries - 108 - were involved in collection efforts against sensitive and protected US technologies in FY 2005...a relatively small number of countries though - including China and Russia - were the most aggressive and accounted for much of the targeting, just as they have since the CI Community first began systematically tracking foreign technology collection efforts in 1997..."

Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage - 2005 (from the Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive, or ONCIX)
http://www.ncix.gov/publications/reports/fecie_all/FECIE_2005.pdf

Savage Love on Second Life Fantasies

"My wife knows I have an SL account, but that's it. She's made it clear that she considers sex in SL to be adultery. I disagree. I see it as a from of user-controlled porn..."

May 4, 2007, Washington City Paper

Spencer Tunick's Latest Gig

"Spencer Tunick provocative photographer of the bare-bunned masses."

Getting Bare In the Square For Art's Sake
by Manuel Roig-Franzia
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/06/AR2007050601045.html

Sunday, May 6, 2007

Wizard of Oz & Inflation

"In 1964, a professor named Henry Littlefield speculated that the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was a political work meant to support farmer's opposition to the gold standard...Dorothy is a young farm girl from Kansas who represents rural US citizens; the Tin Man represents city workers; the Cowardly Lion is William Jennings Bryant, whom the author thought was not a strong enough leader; and the Scarecrow is the US farmer. The four travel toward the East on the yellow brick road - a road made of gold - to see the Wizard of Oz, who represents the evil eastern bankers who manipulate the economy by pulling strings and levers behind a curtain. Their destination, Oz, is simply the abbreviation for ounce, as in ounces of gold."

-Economics for Dummies
by Sean Masaki Flynn, PhD

Ocean Tomo & America's New Economy

"Some of the manufacturing jobs that built American industrial might have left for foreign shores. Services, too, are taking wing...what remain at the core of today's US economy are innovative ideas - intellectual capital...Keith Cardoza, an asset manager at Ocean Tomo, a Chicago financial services firm specializing in intellectual property, showed that knowledge had displaced traditional assets as the lifeblood of the US economy.

"Cardoza set out last year to create a stock index that, in his view, reflects the role invention plays in fueling economic growth. The result was the Ocean Tomo 300 patent index, which uses a novel technique for valuing patens held by companies to assemble what he says is a roster of many of the country's most innovate enterprises.

"The notion that patens are tied to growth is not entirely new. A study published last year by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland found that the single best predictor of how a state's income will grow is the number of patents in the state per capita. Education ranked second."

Ocean Tomo Catches the Wave in Valuing Intellectual Property
by Alan Sipress
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/04/AR2007050402691.html

Religious America

In the recent Republican debate, three of ten candidates raised their hands in response to a question from moderator Chris Matthews signaling that they did not believe in evolution. The three were fromer Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, Rep. Tom Tancredo (Colo.), and Sen. Sam Brownback (Kan.).

"It raised more than a few eyebrows among journalists...but a look at public polling on the issue reveals that the three men aren't far from the mainstream in that belief...in a recent Newsweek survey, nearly half he sample, 48%, said the creationism option was closest to their beliefs, and 30% chose the hybrid option (creation-evolution). Just 13% of the sample chose evolution alone as the best approximation of their view of human development.

"And they probably shouldn't be all that surprised given that, in exit polling conducted on Election Day 2006, more than 80% of Americans said they either attend church "weekly" (45%) or "occasionally" (38%)."

Eager to be Reagan's Heir, but Not Bonzo's Cousin
by Chris Cillizza and Shailagh Murray
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/05/AR2007050501039.html

Saturday, May 5, 2007

Coolhunting

Coolhunters make observations and predictions in changes of new or existing cultural trends.

Open-source coolhunting: http://www.trendguide.com/

Coolhunting business: http://look-look.com/

The Coolhunter: http://www.thecoolhunter.net/

World's 25 Most Innovative Companies - 2007

The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) asked nearly 2,500 executives worldwide to vote for the most pioneering companies doing business today.

1. Apple
2. Google
3. Toyota Motor
4. General Electric
5. Microsoft
6. Procter & Gamble
7. 3M
8. Walt Disney
9. IBM
10. Sony
11. Wal-Mart Stores
12. Honda Motors
13. Nokia
14. Starbucks
15. Targets
16. BMW
17. samsung Electronics
18. Virgin Group
19. Intel
20. Amazon
21. Boeing
22. Dell
23. Genetech
24. eBay
25. Cisco Systems

For an extended list of the top 50, ranking by industry, and more on methodology and BCG's analysis, go to businessweek.com/go/innovativecompanies

Friday, May 4, 2007

Virtual Rape a Crime?

"There is no question that forced online sexual activity -- whether through text, animation, malicious scripts or other means -- is real; and is a traumatic experience that can have a profound and unpleasant aftermath, shaking your faith in yourself, in the community, in the platform, even in sex itself."

"Adult communities facilitate our need to go deeper into our sexual selves, even into secret places around gender and taboos that we cannot acknowledge anywhere else. We feel safe because of the peculiar blend of disclosure and anonymity provided in online communities, and we journey along paths we might not even glance at in the physical world. We don't expect to have our control wrenched away or our minds assaulted or even the intensity of our anguish during and after."

Virtual Rape is Traumatic but is it a Crime?
by Regina Lynn
http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/commentary/sexdrive/2007/05/sexdrive_0504

Maps & Tracking

"Basically, these Web sites do for your body what sites like MapQuest and Google Maps do for your car: Let you plan, measure and map your fitness 'trips.'"

www.walkjogrun.net

www.mapmyrun.com

www.sanoodi.com

www.pedaling.com

aarp.getfitonroute66.com

Mapping a Route to Finess
by Lennie Magida
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/27/AR2007042702614.html

Americans & Restaurants

Fact: The average American eats 80 restaurant meals a year.

Prosper - The Future of Lending?

"Prosper, based in San Francisco, aspired to do for money what eBay did for your grandmother's teapot collection - create a person-to-person marketplace for consumer loans, and in the process, turn average people into bankers."

Want to Loan Me Money? Here's a Picture of My Dog
by Annys Shin
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/26/AR2007012601722.htmlnys Shin

Intelligence and National Security Alliance (INSA)

"The group, a nonprofit professional association for members of the intelligence community - including private contractors, academics and members of US spy agences - is largely unknown. Since the group's inception nearly 30 years ago as the Security Affairs Support Association, it has never been profiled in the media...it claims about 1500 members."

Trade Group Does Who Knows What
by Alec Klein
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/01/AR2007040100686.html

Economics of Presidential Libraries

How much does a President get to start his Presidentail Library?

-It has been reported that former President Bill Clinton's library cost $165 million.

-President Bush recently announced that he intends to raise $500 million for his library in Texas.

-The National Archives spends almost $100 million each year maintaining presidential libraries.

(Richard Nixon's library is privately maintained)

Ranking of presidential libraries by 2006 tourist attendance:

1. Ronald Reagan - 440,301
2. Bill Clinton - 302,151
3. Lyndon Johnson - 210,473
4. John F. Kennedy - 191,986
5. George H.W. Bush - 140,674
6. Harry Truman - 135,316
7. Franklin Roosevelt - 108,589
8. Dwight Eisenhowver - 69,248
9. Jimmy Carter 62,223
10. Gerald Ford - 58,784
11. Herbert Hoover - 50,077

Wine Century Club

"The Wine Century Club was created two years ago to encourage wine lovers to explore the diverse array of wines around the globe. The sole criterion for membership - which is free, and earns you a proverbial 'certificate suitable for framing' from the club's London headquarters - is to have tasted more than 100 grape varieties."

The club's online application featering a checklist of 185 varieties can be found at delongwine.com/century.html

For Oenphiles, a Holy Grail
by Karen Page and Andrew Dornenburg
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/17/AR2007041700367.html

Thursday, May 3, 2007

The Accidental Binge Drinker: How Much We Really Pour

"Wine, beer and spirits glasses are surprisingly deceptive, and most of us -- even professional bartenders -- are over-pouring the alcohol we serve."

"Study participants were asked to pour a serving of alcohol (1.5 ounces or 44.3 milliliters) needed to mix a gin and tonic or other popular drinks. They over-poured by 33% when using the short glass, but came close to the right serving with the tall, thin glass, pouring just 3% too much. Even the bartenders, who had an average of six years experience, poured 25% too much when using the tumblers."

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117797544301787472.html?mod=mostpop

Why What You Have Is Never Enough

"Research, however, suggests the arrival of children lowers parents' reported happiness, as they struggle with the daily stresses involved"

Interesting ideas brought up: We aren't built to be happy, rather, we are are built to survive and reproduce.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117805835593488773.html?mod=mostpop

Is Poker Skill or Luck

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117812153189389684.html?mod=hps_us_pageone

Roth IRA - Inevitable Millionaire

Maxing out the Roth IRA is the simplest way to become a millionaire. You can invest as aggressively as you want without any tax consequences. If you are 25 and put in $4000 in a year (the current maximum level) and plan to retired at 65, you will have over $1 million if you make 8%. If you bump that up to 15% a year, you will have over $8 million.

Roth IRA Calculator
http://www.dinkytown.net/java/RothIRA.html

US Diplomatic Plate Country Codes:

These plates are issued by the State Department to accredited diplomats.

AA = Congo
AC = Cote d'Ivoire
AE = Uzbekistan
AF = Japan
AH = Madagascar
AJ = Panama
AK = Cape Verde
AQ = Syria
AU = Uganda
AV = Israel
AX = Marshall Islands
BL = South Africa
BV = Solomon Islands
BW = World Bank
CB = Cambodia
CC = Ethiopia
CG = Marshall Islands
CK = Namibia
CM = Micronesia
CN = International Organization
CS = Afghanistan
CT = Bhutan
CU = Botswana
CV = Myanmar (Burma)
CW = Cameroon
CX = Burundi
CY = People's Republic of China
DA = Colombia
DB = Costa Rica
DC = Cuba (UN only)
DD = Cyprus
DF = Dominican Republic
DG = Ecuador
DH = Cote d'Ivoire
DI = South Africa
DJ = France
DK = Greece
DL = India
DM = Iran (UN only)
DN = Denmark
DP = Bangladesh
DR = Slovakia
DZ = Palau
FF = Antigua & Barbuda
FG = Central African Republic
FH = Ireland
FJ = Lebanon
FK = Kenya
FL = Liberia
FM = Libya
FN = Malta
FP = Morocco
FR = Philippines
FS = Netherlands
FT = Qatar
FV = Sri Lanka
FW = Holy See
FX = Sierra Leone
FZ = Suriname
GC = Sweden
GD = Ukraine
GG = Zambia
GN = Turkey
GP = Albania
GQ = North Korea
GX = Vanuatu
GY = Chile
HB = Tonga
HD = Argentina
HL = Saint Lucia
HM = Andorra
HN = Mongolia
HV = Belgium
HW = Guatemala
HX = Benin
HY = Guinea Bissau
HZ = Haiti
JB = Honduras
JC = Kuwait
JD = Mauritius
JF = Nigeria
JG = Portugal
JH = Somalia
JJ = Chad
JK = Turkey
JM = Yugoslavia
JP = Tunisia
JQ = Togo
JS = Slovenia
JT = Croatia
JY = Cyprus
KB = Monaco
KD = Eritrea
KG = Equatorial Guinea
KH = Hungary
KJ = Lithuania
KK = Fiji
KL = Jordan
KM = Jamaica
KN = Gabon
KP = Luxembourg
KR = Malaysia
KS = Mexico
KU = Sao Tome & Principe
KV = Saudi Arabia
KW = Seychelles
KX = Sudan
LC = Venezuela
LD = Vietnam
LG = Turkey
LH = Israel
LJ = Israel
LK = European Economic Communities
LM = Macedonia
LR = Bosnia-Herzegovina
LW = Germany
MF = International Monetary Fund
MG = UNKNOWN
MK = Djibouti
MN = Comoros
MP = Bahamas
MW = Maldives
NA = Oman
NB = Papua New Guinea
NC = Paraguay
ND = Romania
NQ = Angola
NX = Malaysia
PA = Austria
PB = Barbados
PC = Belize
PD = United Kingdom
PF = Bolivia
PG = Belarus
PK = Norway
PL = Chile
PM = Brunei
PR = Argentina
PS = Zimbabwe
PV = Zaire
QD = Burkina Faso
QL = St. Kitts & Nevis
QM = Bulgaria
QN = Laos
QP = Latvia
QQ = Lesotho
QR = Malawi
QS = Mozambique
QT = New Zealand
QU = Nicaragua
QV = Niger
QW = Poland
QX = Pakistan
QX = Iran (DC only)
QY = Yemen
QZ = Indonesia
RB = Rwanda
RC = Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
RD = Senegal
RL = Uruguay
RV = San Marino
SF = Czech Republic
SG = Israel
ST = Dominica
TF = Algeria
TF = Iraq (DC only)
TG = Canada
TH = Egypt
TK = Liechtenstein
TL = El Salvador
TM = Iceland
TN = Nepal
TP = Mauritania
TQ = Mali
TR = Italy
TS = Iraq (UN only)
TT = Guyana
TU = Guinea
TV = Ghana
TW = Gambia
TX = Finland
TY = Grenada
TZ = Peru
UA = Bahrain
UF = Estonia
UH = Spain
UX = Trinidad & Tobago
VF = Thailand
VG = Tanzania
VH = Switzerland
VJ = Brazil
VK = Singapore
VL = Swaziland
VM = Nauru
WB = United Arab Emirates
WD = South Korea
WM = Western Samoa
WZ = United Kingdom
XA = Bangladesh
XC = Fiji
XD = Myanmar
XE = Ghana
XF = Turkey
XG = Norway
XY = UNKNOWN
XZ = Australia
YA = Armenia
YG = Georgia
YJ = Tajikistan
YK = Kazakhstan
YM = Moldova
YR = Russia
YT = Turkmenistan
YY = Kyrgyzstan
YZ = Azerbaijan

CIA University

CIA makes available an electronic archive of articles and indexes on the profession of intelligence.

https://www.cia.gov/csi/kent_csi/Default.htm

Myths About DCs Height Restrictions

"Contrary to popular lore -- and many a cabbie-turned- unofficial-tour-guide -- Congress did not tailor the law to establish the 555-foot Washington Monument as the city's tallest structure, or to ensure that the Capitol, at 288 feet, would not be overshadowed. Rather, lawmakers were responding to protests prompted by the rise of the 160-foot Cairo apartment building, on Q Street NW near 16th Street, in 1894."

"The Cairo prompted the District and eventually Congress to issue a series of regulations, culminating in the 1910 law: No building could be more than 20 feet taller than the distance between buildings across a street or avenue. On some parts of Pennsylvania Avenue, it allowed for 160-foot-high buildings."

(The Washington Monument is 555 ft. and the US Capitol is 288 ft.)

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/01/AR2007050101939.html

Obama & Secret Service

It was announced on May 3, 2007 that Presidential Candidate Sen. Barack Obama was being placed under Secret Service protection. This is the earliest ever for a Presidential candidate. Federal law allows candidates to seek protection if they meet a series of standards, including public prominence and measured by polls and fundraising.

Quite frankly, I am suprised Obama has made it this long without being attacked. In any event, glad to see he finally got some serious protection.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070503/ap_on_el_pr/obama_secret_service

Phrenological Map

I love maps, even phrenological maps...

http://www.phrenology.com/phrenology.html

http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n01/frenolog/frenorg.htm#32

PPI Trade Facts

The first US report on foreign trade barriers was in 1793. It has 7 trading partners listed. The 2007 version - the National Trade Estimates (NTE) Report - had 63 trading partners listed.
http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254255

The income tax is the US Treasury's largest single source of money. It will raise a likely $1.2 trillion in 2007 (nearly half of the $2.54 trillion in total 2007 national government revenue. Social insurance taxes bring in $873 billion, corporate income taxes bring in $342 billion, excise taxes on gasoline, liquor and cigarettes bring in $57 billion. The estate tax and tariff system raise a bit more than $25 billion.
http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254243

Currency trading totals $3 trillion a day. The dollar is involved in 80% of currency transactions. Governments now hold about $4.8 trillion in reserve.
http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254218

The World's Most Reserearch Intensive Places: New Mexico, Massachusetts, Israel, Maryland, Sweden, Japan, US, South Korea, EU, China, Brazil.
http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254145

http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_sub.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003

Japan's Love Affairs With Sex

By Michael Hoffman (Special to the Japan Times)
http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20070429x1.html

How Pachinko Is Made

http://www.animemecha.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1

Bees & The End of the Food Supply

"Honeybees don't just make honey; they pollinate more than 90 of the tastiest flowering crops we have. Among them: apples, nuts, avocados, soybeans, asparagus, broccoli, celery, squash and cucumbers. And lots of the really sweet and tart stuff, too, including citrus fruit, peaches, kiwi, cherries, blueberries, cranberries, strawberries, cantaloupe and other melons.

"In fact, about one-third of the human diet comes from insect-pollinated plants, and the honeybee is responsible for 80 percent of that pollination, according to the U.S.
Department of Agriculture.

"Even cattle, which feed on alfalfa, depend on bees. So if the collapse worsens, we could end up being "stuck with grains and water," said Kevin Hackett, the national program leader for USDA's bee and pollination program."

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070502/ap_on_sc/honeybee_die_off

World Walking Speeds

http://www.itv.com/news/britain_d47fb0994d1357c3ef7d13eed7a160ea.html

(Average walking times in seconds along a 60 ft. stretch of pavement)

1) Singapore (Singapore); 10.55
2) Copenhagen (Denmark); 10.82
3) Madrid (Spain); 10.89
4) Guangzhou (China): 10.94
5) Dublin (Ireland); 11.03
6) Curitiba (Brazil); 11.13
7) Berlin (Germany); 11.16
8) New York (US); 12.00
9) Utrecht (Netherlands); 12.04
10) Vienna (Austria); 12.06
11) Warsaw (Poland); 12.07
12) London (United Kingdom); 12.17
13) Zagreb (Croatia); 12.20
14) Prague (Czech Republic); 12.35
15) Wellington (New Zealand); 12.62
16) Paris (France); 12.65
17) Stockholm (Sweden); 12.75
18) Ljubljana (Slovenia); 12.76
19) Tokyo (Japan); 12.83
20) Ottawa (Canada); 13.72
21) Harare (Zimbabwe); 13.92
22) Sofia (Bulgaria); 13.96
23) Taipei (Taiwan): 14.00
24) Cairo (Egypt); 14.18
25) Sana (Yemen); 14.29
26) Bucharest (Romania); 14.36
27) Dubai (United Arab Emirates); 14.64
28) Damascus (Syria); 14.94
29) Amman (Jordan); 15.95
30) Bern (Switzerland); 17.37
31) Manama (Bahrain); 17.69
32) Blantyre (Malawi); 31.60

Buy & Hold Philosophy

When you try to time the market, you generally lose.

"Stocks have been a great investment in the last 80 years, with an average return of about 10 percent a year...but the average dollar invested in the stock market in those years has earned only about 8.6 percent a year."

"For Nasdaq, the difference between buy-and-hold and dollar-weighted returns is even larger. An investor who bought the Nasdaq index in 1973 and sold in 2002 would have earned an average yearly return of 9.6 percent. But the typical investor in Nasdaq earned only 4.3 percent over this period. This is true not just in the United States — the same thing occurred in 18 of 19 international markets that Mr. Dichev examined."

"Sometimes the Stock Does Better Than the Investor That Buys the Stock by Hal R. Varian
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/03/business/03scene.html?ex=1335844800&en=134a5141e9df2859&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss

The TIME 100

http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/0,28757,1595326,00.html

Artists & Entertainers
-Tina Fey
-Youssou N'Dour
-Anna Netrebko
-Justin Timberlake
-Sacha Baron Cohen
-Leonardo DiCaprio
-Nora Roberts
-Rick Rubin
-Martin Scorsese
-Cate Blanchett
-Alber Elbaz
-America Ferrera
-Simon Fuller
-Brian Grazer
-John Mayer
-David Mitchell
-Kate Moss
-Rosie O'Donnell
-Brad Pitt
-Shonda Rhimes
-Kara Walker
-Brian Williams

Leaders & Revolutionaries
-Queen Elizabeth II
-Tzipi Livni
-Peter Akinola
-Liu Qi
-Condoleezza Rice
-Omar Hassan al-Bashir
-John Roberts
-Sonia Gandhi
-Raul Castro
-Arnold Schwarzenegger
-General David Patraeus
-Hillary Clinton
-Hu Jintao
-King Abdullah
-Nancy Pelosi
-Barack Obama
-Michael Bloomberg
-Ayatullah Ali Khamenei
-Pope Benedict XVI
-Angela Merkel
-Osama Bin Laden

Heroes & Pioneers

-Oprah Winfrey
-Elizabeth Edwards
-Warren Buffett
-Drew Gilpin Faust
-Wesley Autrey
-Tony Dungy
-Roger Federer
-Tyra Banks
-Youk Chhang
-George Clooney
-Michael J. Fox
-Timothy Gittins
-Judith Mackay
-Chien-Ming Wang
-Maher Arar
-Thierry Henry
-Zeng Jinyan
-Garry Kasparov
-Amr Khaled

Scientists & Thinkers

-Al Gore
-Neil deGrasse Tyson
-J. Craig Venter
-Lisa Randall
-John Mather
-Elizabeth Blackburn
-Alan Stern
-Tullis Onstott
-Svante Paabo
-Steven Nissen
-Richard Dawkins
-Chris Anderson
-Paul Allen
-Monty Jones
-Klaus Schwab
-Nora Volkow
-Frans de Waal
-Douglas Melton
-Kari Stefansson

Builders & Titans

-Richard Branson
-Cyril Ramaphosa
-Erik Lie
-Pony Ma
-Chad Hurley & Steve Chen
-Katsuaki Watanabe
-Bernard Arnault
-Clara Furse
-Ken Lewis
-Lakshmi Mittal
-Shigeru Miyamoto
-Rhonda Byrne
-Steven Cohen
-Steve Jobs
-Philip Rosedale
-Ho Ching
-Indra Nooyi
-Stephen Schwarzman
-Michael Moritz

Wednesday, May 2, 2007

Top 25 Things That Changed the Net

Top 25 Things That Changed The Internet, according to USA Today:

1. World Wide Web
2. E-mail
3. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
4. AOL
5. Broadband
6. Google
7. Mosaic/Netscape
8. eBay
9. Amazon.com
10. Wi-fi
11. Instant Messaging
12. Yahoo!
13. Compuserve/Prodigy
14. The Well
15. Vices
16. Spam/Spyware
17. Flash
18. Online Mapping Tools
19. Napster
20. YouTube
21. The Drudge Report
22. Bloggers
23. Craigslist
24. Myspace
25. Gaming and Virtual Worlds

http://www.usatoday.com/tech/top25-internet.htm

Tuesday, May 1, 2007

Useful CRS Reports

Hydaulic Fracturing: Selected Legal Issues
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43152.pdf
Bills of Attainder
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40826.pdf
Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2009-2013
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43775.pdf
Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators' Offices, FY2009-FY2013
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43774.pdf
Constitutional Points of Order in the Senate
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40948.pdf
US Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy: Frequently Asked Questions
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33944.pdf
US International Corporate Taxation: Basic Concepts and Policy Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41852.pdf
The Corporate Income Tax System: Overview and Options for Reform
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42726.pdf
How OFAC Calculates Penalties for Violations of Economic Sanctions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/ofac.pdf
Closing a Congressional Office: Overview of House and Senate Practices
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34553.pdf
Selected Privileges and Courtesies Extended to Former Members of Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41121.pdf
Former Presidents: Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34631.pdf
Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30631.pdf
US Foreign Aid to Israel
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf
NAFTA at 20: Overview and Trade Effects
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42965.pdf
China and the United States - A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41748.pdf
Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33663.pdf
US Foreign Trade in Services: Trends and US Policy Challenges
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43291.pdf
Libya: Transition and US Policy
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33142.pdf
Proposed Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP): In Brief
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43158.pdf
US-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf?
US Energy: Overview and Key Statistics
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40187.pdf?
Shipping US Crude Oil by Water: Vessel Flag Requirements and Safety Issues
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43653.pdf
Measuring the Loss of Manufacturing Jobs
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/IN10109.pdf
What is the Farm Bill?
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22131.pdf?
Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of USC 1831 and 1832
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/R42681.pdf?
The Receipt of Gifts by Federal Employees in the Executive Branch
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43660.pdf
US-Russia Economic Relations
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IN10119.pdf
Export-Import Bank Reauthorization: Frequently Asked Questions
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43671.pdf
Selected Characteristics of Private and Public Sector Workers
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41897.pdf
Legislative Research for Congressional Staff: How to Find Documents and Other Resources
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43434.pdf
Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and US Interests
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf

Free Trade Agreements: Impact on US Trade and Implications for US Trade Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL31356.pdf

US Manufacturing in International Perspective
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42135.pdf

US-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32649.pdf

Iran: US Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R43311.pdf

Iran Sanctions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf

The European Union: Questions and Answers
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21372.pdf

Overview of the Federal Tax System
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32808.pdf

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and the Role of Congress in Trade Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33743.pdf

China-US Trade Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33536.pdf

Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41347.pdf

US Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21118.pdf

US Foreign Trade Zones: Background and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42686.pdf

China's Political Institutions and Leaders in Charts
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43303.pdf

Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/97-1011.pdf

Burma's Political Prisoners and US Sanctions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42363.pdf

Cuba: US Restrictions on Travel and Remittances
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL31139.pdf

China's Political Institutions and Leaders in Charts
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43303.pdf

Hydraulic Fracturing: Selected Legal Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43152.pdf

The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40977.pdf

Current Debates Over Exchange Rates: Overview and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43242.pdf

US Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42074.pdf

Consumers and Food Price Inflation
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40545.pdf

Climate Change Legislation in the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43230.pdf

Harbor Maintenance Finance and Funding
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43222.pdf

The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31967.pdf

Financial Disclosure by Federal Officials and Publication of Disclosure Reports
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43186.pdf

Changing the Federal Reserve's Mandate: An Economic Analysis
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41656.pdf

African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA): Background and Reauthorization
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43173.pdf

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20210.pdf

Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in US Trade Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41922.pdf

Trade Promotion Authority and the Role of Congress in Trade Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33743.pdf

Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/R43216.pdf

Wars Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight Years
https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R42699.pdf

Wars Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33532.pdf

Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP): In Brief
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43158.pdf

China's Currency Policy: An Analysis of Economic Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21625.pdf

The US Postal Service's Financial Condition: A Primer
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43162.pdf

Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33663.pdf

The President's Budget: Overview of Structure and Timing of Submission to Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43163.pdf

US-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32496.pdf

China-US Trade Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33536.pdf

Social Security Primer
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42035.pdf

Foreign Investment in the United States: Major Federal Statutory Restrictions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33103.pdf

What is the Farm Bill?
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22131.pdf

Science and Technology Issues in the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43114.pdf

The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42694.pdf

The Federal Minimum Wage: In Brief
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43089.pdf

Who Regulates Whom and How? An Overview of U.S. Financial Regulatory Policy for Banking and Securities Market
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43087.pdf

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42344.pdf

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf

A Brief Overview of Business Types and Their Tax Treatment
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43104.pdf

Cuba: US Policy and Issues for the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43024.pdf

501(c)(4)s and Campaign Activity: Analysis Under Tax and Campaign Finance Laws
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40183.pdf

Restrictions on Itemized Tax Deductions: Policy Options and Analysis
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43079.pdf

Iran Sanctions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf

US Policy Towards Burma: Issues for the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43035.pdf

Japan's Possible Entry Into the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Its Implications
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42676.pdf

Foreign Investment and National Security: Economic Considerations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34561.pdf

Foreign Ownership of US Financial Assets: Implications of a Withdrawal
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34319.pdf

Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/97-896.pdf

International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41553.pdf

The US Export Control System and the President's Reform Initiative
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41916.pdf

"Sense of" Resolutions and Provisions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-825.pdf

The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42694.pdf

Former Presidents: Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34631.pdf

International Monetary Fund: Background and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42019.pdf

Itemized Tax Deductions for Individuals: Data Analysis
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43012.pdf

Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32207.pdf

US Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS21048.pdf

US Military Casualty Statistics: Operation New Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22452.pdf

Access to Government Information in the United States: A Primer
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/97-71.pdf

Federal Reserve: Unconventional Monetary Policy Options
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42962.pdf

China's Economic Conditions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf

Sessions, Adjournments, and Recesses of Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42977.pdf

US Trade and Investment in the Middle East and North Africa: Overview and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42153.pdf

International Law and Agreements: Their Effect Upon US Law
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32528.pdf

http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34256.pdf
North Korea's Nuclear Weapons: Technical Issues

Latin America and the Carribbean: Key Issues for the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42956.pdf

US Manufacturing in International Perspective
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42135.pdf

US Government Agencies Involved in Export Promotion: Overview and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41495.pdf

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42344.pdf

US Sanctions on Burma: Issues for the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42939.pdf

Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/98-684.pdf

Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of U.S.C. 1831 and 1832
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/R42681.pdf

Outside Employment, "Moonlighting," by Federal Executive Branch Employees
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42857.pdf

Offshoring (or Offshore Outsourcing) and Job Loss Among US Workers
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32292.pdf

The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31967.pdf

Tax Deductions for Individuals: A Summary
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42872.pdf

Reform of US International Taxation: Alternatives
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34115.pdf

International Corporate Tax Rate Comparisons and Policy Implications
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41743.pdf

US Periods of War and Dates of Current Conflicts
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS21405.pdf

Inauguration Security: Operations, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R42867.pdf

Reaching the Debt Limit: Background and Potential Effects on Government Operations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41633.pdf

International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 113th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42882.pdf

Congressional Careers: Service Tenure and Patterns of Member Service, 1789-2013
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41545.pdf

Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40076.pdf

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40623.pdf

An Analysis of Where American Companies Report Profits: Indications of Profit Shifting
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42927.pdf

Department of Defense Food Procurement: Background and Status
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22190.pdf

Maritime Territorial Disputes in East Asia: Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42930.pdf

Rising Economic Powers and US Trade Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42864.pdf

Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30959.pdf

Presidential Reorganization Authority: History, Recent Initiatives, and Options for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42852.pdf

"Gang of Four" Congressional Intelligence Notifications
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/R40698.pdf

Filibuster and Cloture in the Senate
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30360.pdf

Addressing the Long-Run Budget Deficit: A Comparison of Approaches
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41970.pdf

Legislative Procedures for Adjusting the Public Debt Limit: A Brief Overview
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21519.pdf

Baselining and Scorekeeping in the Federal Budget Process
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-560.pdf

Overveiw of the Authorization-Appropriations Process
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20371.pdf

Basic Federal Budget Terminology
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-410.pdf

Financing the US Trade Deficit
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33274.pdf

Roles and Duties of a Member of Congress: Brief Overview
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33686.pdf

US Trade and Investment Relations with sub-Saharan Africa and the African Growth and Opportunity Act
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL31772.pdf

A Guide to China's Upcoming Leadership Transition
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42786.pdf

Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21857.pdf

US Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21118.pdf

Natural Gas in the US Economy: Opportunities for Growth
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42814.pdf

Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42784.pdf

The Electoral College: How it Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32611.pdf

President of the United States: Compensation
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20115.pdf

Presidential Appointments, the Senate's Confirmation Process, and Changes Made in the 112th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41872.pdf

Iran Sanctions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf

Automobile and Truck Fuel Economy (CAFE) and Greenhouse Gas Standards
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42721.pdf

Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22536.pdf

Senkaku (Diaoyu/Diaoyutai) Islands Dispute: US Treaty Obligations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42761.pdf

Israel: Possible Military Strike Against Iran's Nuclear Facilities
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R42443.pdf

The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33312.pdf

The Committee on Foreign Investments in the United States (CFIUS)
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf

Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/97-1011.pdf

Post Employment, "Revolving Door," Laws for Federal Personnel
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42728.pdf

The Corporate Income Tax System: Overview and Options for Reform
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42726.pdf

Iran Sanctions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf

Political Ads: Issue Advocacy or Campaign Activity Under the Tax Code?
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42684.pdf

Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of U.S.C. 1831 and 1832
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/R42681.pdf

US Foreign-Trade Zones: Background and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42686.pdf

Brief History of the Gold Standard in the United States
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41887.pdf

An Overview of Tax Provisions Expiring in 2012
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42485.pdf

Domestic Content Legislation: The Buy American Act and Complimentary Little Buy American Provisions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42501.pdf

Members of Congress Who Die in Office: Historic and Current Practices
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34347.pdf

Why Some Fuel-Efficient Vehicles are Not Sold Domestically
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42666.pdf

Gifts to the President of the United States
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42662.pdf

Japan's Possible Entry into the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Its Implications
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42676.pdf

Midnight Rulemaking
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42612.pdf

The 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts and Deficit Reduction
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42020.pdf

Libor: Frequently Asked Questions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42608.pdf

Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-446.pdf

The Power to Regulate Commerce: Limits on Congressional Power
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32844_20101228.pdf

The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2012: Frequently Asked Questions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42533.pdf

Understanding China's Political System
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf

Trade Primer: Qs and As on Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33944.pdf

Representatives and Senators: Trends in Member Characteristics Since 1945
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42365.pdf

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42344.pdf

"Super PACs" in Federal Elections: Overview and Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42042.pdf

Secrety Sessions of the House and Senate: Authority, Confidentiality, and Frequency
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/R42106.pdf

Rising Economic Powers and the Global Economy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41969.pdf

Boosting US Exports: Selected Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41929.pdf

Legislative History Research: A Basic Guide
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41865.pdf

Interagency Collaborative Arrangements and Activities: Types, Rationales, and Considerations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41803.pdf

Lobbying Congress: An Overview of Legal Provisions and Congressional Ethics Rules
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31126_20071024.pdf

Trade Promotion Authority and Fast-Track Negotiating Authority for Trade Agreements: Major Votes
http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rs21004.pdf

WTO Dispute Settlement: Stages and Pending US Activity Before the Dispute Settlement Body
http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/3872.pdf

Acceptance of Gifts by Members and Employees of the House of Representatives Under the New Ethics Rules of the 110th Congress
http://www.thecapitol.net/Publications/LobbyingAndAdvocacy/18_CRS_RS22566_02152008.pdf

Introducting a Senate Bill or Resolution
http://lugar.senate.gov/services/pdf_crs/senate/procedure/Introducing_a_Senate_Bill_or_Resolution.pdf

House Committee Jurisdiction and Referral: Rules and Practice
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/98-175.pdf

Lame Duck Sessions of Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33677_20061002.pdf

The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41393_20101027.pdf

Overview of the Authorization-Appropriations Process
http://lugar.senate.gov/issues/indianaspending/pdf/Overview.pdf

The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/34649.pdf

The Spending Pipleine: Stages of Federal Spending
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/98-405.pdf

House Voting Procedures: Forms and Requirements
http://www.senate.gov/CRSReports/crs-publish.cfm?pid=%26*2%3C4P%2CS3%0A

Routes to the Senate Floor: Rule XIV and Unanimous Consent
http://www.llsdc.org/attachments/wysiwyg/544/CRS-RS22299.pdf

Sources of Legislative Proposals: A Descriptive Introduction
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/rs21169.pdf

Bills and Resolutions: Examples of How Each Kind Is Used
http://www.rules.house.gov/POP/98-706.pdf

Conference Committee and Related Procedures: An Introduction
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/96-708_20071106.pdf

Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
http://www.senate.gov/CRSReports/crs-publish.cfm?pid=

House Committee Chairs: Considerations, Decisions, and Actions as One Congress Ends and a New Congress Begins
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34679_20101005.pdf

The National Security Council: An Organization Assessment
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL30840.pdf

Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41347_20100728.pdf

House of Representatives and Senate Staff Levels in Member, Committee, Leadership, and Other Offices 1977-2010
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41366_20100810.pdf

The Office of the Parliamentarian in the House and Senate
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20544_20100714.pdf

Mexico's Free Trade Agreements
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40784_20100712.pdf

Earmakrs Executive Order: Legal Issue
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34373_20080213.pdf

Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply China
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41347.pdf

Conducting Foreign Relations Without Authority: The Logan Act
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33265.pdf

Lobbying the Executive Branch: Current Practices and Options for Change
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/133502.pdf

The Federal Rulemaking Process: An Overview
http://openregs.com/docs/copeland-rulemaking-process.pdf

The Size and Role of Government: Economic Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32162_20100614.pdf

Trade Law: An Introduction to Selected International Agreements and US Laws
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41306_20100629.pdf

Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/98-814.pdf

Budget Resolution Enforcement
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/98-815.pdf

Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent Practices
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30343_20020111.pdf

Preventing Federal Government Shutdowns: Proposals for an Automatic Continuing Resolution
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/RL30339.pdf

Duration of Continuing Resolutions in Recent Years
http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7425/m1/

Allocations and Subdivisions in the Congressional Budget Process
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/RS20144.pdf

Annual Appropriations Acts: Consideration During Lame-Duck Sessions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34597.pdf

Office of Legislative Counsel: House
http://www.thecapitol.net/Research/images/RS20735.pdf

A Guide to Major Congressional and Presidential Awards
http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rs20884.pdf

Congressional Record: Its Production, Distribution, and Accessibility
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-266.pdf

Nuclear Cooperation With Other Countries: A Primer
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RS22937.pdf

Immuniites Accorded to Foreign Diplomats, Consular Officers, and Employees of International Organizations Under US Law
http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2005,1213-crs.pdf

Speechwriting in Perspective: A Brief Guide to Effective and Persuasive Communication
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-170.pdf

US Automotive Industry: Policy Overview and Recent History
http://ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/05apr/RL32883.pdf

US Trade Statutes: Expiration Dates and Mandates Periodic Reports to Congress
http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/19509.pdf

Lobbying Law and Ethics Rules Changes in teh 110th Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34166_20070918.pdf

Steel: Price and Policy Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32333.pdf

Engrossment, Enrollment, and Presentation of Legislation
https://www.hsdl.org/?view&doc=82213&coll=public

Causes of the Financial Crisis
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40173_20100409.pdf

Committee Types and Roles
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-241_20020214.pdf

Amendments in the Senate: Types and Forms
http://lieberman.senate.gov/assets/pdf/crs/senateamendtypes.pdf

Amendments in the House: Types and Forms
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/98-613.pdf

Inflation: Causes, Costs, and Current Status
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30344_20100329.pdf

East Asian Regional Architecture: New Economic and Security Arrangements and US Policy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33653_20100415.pdf

Outsourcing and Insourcing Jobs in the US Economy: An Overview of Evidence Based on Foreign Investment Data
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21883_20100415.pdf

Executive Orders: Issuance and Revocation
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20846_20100325.pdf

The US Motor Vehicle Industry: Confronting a New Dynamic in the Global Economy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41154_20100326.pdf

Nanotechnology: A Policy Primer
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34511_20100312.pdf

Running Deficits - Positives and Pitfalls
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33657_20100310.pdf

The US Motor Vehicle Industry: Confronting a New Dynamic in the Global Economy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41154.pdf

The Future of US Trade Policy: An Analysis of Issues and Options for the 111th Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41145.pdf

Free Trade Agreements: Impact on US Trade and Implications for US Trade Policy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31356_20100223.pdf

Financing The US Trade Deficit
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33274_20100205.pdf

The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33312_20100204.pdf

The Budget Reconciliation Process: House and Senate Procedures
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33030_20050810.pdf

The 2009 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings and US Trade Policy in Asia
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41071.pdf

Campaign Finance Policy After Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission: Issues and Options for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41054_20100201.pdf

The Rum Excise Tax Cover-Over: Legislative History and Current Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41028.pdf

Al Qaeda and Affiliates: Historical Perspective, Global Presence, and Implications for US Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/R41070.pdf

Understanding China's Political System
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf

US Periods of War
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS21405.pdf

The Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40502_20091207.pdf

Amendments Between the Houses: Procedural Options and Effects
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41003_20100104.pdf

The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40977_20091209.pdf

Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of US Financial Supervision
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40249_20091214.pdf

International Terrorism and Transnational Crime: Security Threats, US Policy, and Considerations for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41004_20100105.pdf

Cars and Climate: What Can EPA do to Control Greenhouse Gases From Mobile Sources?
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40506_20091209.pdf

Trade Agreements: Impact on the US Economy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31932_20091110.pdf

US Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 2001-2008
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R40959.pdf

US Aerospace Manufacturing: Industry Overview and Prospects
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40967.pdf

High Speed Rail (HSR) in the United States
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40973.pdf

Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/116601.pdf

US Fossil Fuel Resources: Terminology, Reporting, and Summary
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/132301.pdf

Energy Provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40412_20090312.pdf

Status of the Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40910.pdf

Cuba: Issues for the 111th Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40193_20090904.pdf

Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization: An Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20088_20090908.pdf

US Tree Planting for Carbon Sequestration
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40562.pdf

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40623_20090709.pdf

Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31980_20090508.pdf

Import-Export Bank: Background and Legislative Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-568_20090317.pdf

National Intelligence Council: Issues and Options for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40505_20090410.pdf

Electric Power Transmission: Background and Policy Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40511_20090414.pdf

The Budget Resolution and Spending Legislation
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40472_20090327.pdf

Budget Reconciliation Measures Enacted into Law 1980-2008.
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40480_20090401.pdf

Business Tax Issues in 2009
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40500_20090408.pdf

The Economics of the Federal Budget Deficit
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31235_20090205.pdf

Japan's Nuclear Future: Policy Debate, Prospects, and US Interests
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34487.pdf

The National Security Council: An Organizational Assessment
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30840_20090206.pdf

Globalized Supply Chains and US Policy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40167_20090116.pdf

Foreign Investment in the United States: Major Federal Statutory Restrictions
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33102_20090126.pdf

Science and Technology Policymaking: A Primer
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34454_20090127.pdf

Islam: Sunnis and Shiites
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21745_20090128.pdf

US Economy in Recession: Similarities to and Differences from the Past
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40198_20090205.pdf

Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of US Financial Supervision
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40249_20090224.pdf

US Motor Vehicle Industry: Federal Financial Assistance and Restructuring
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40003.pdf

Federal Statutes: What They Are and Where to Find Them
http://opencrs.com/document/RL30812

US Energy: Overview and Selected Facts and Numbers
http://opencrs.com/document/R40187

Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
http://mirror.wikileaks.morphium.info/wikileaks-crs-reports/R40110.pdf

Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods
http://mirror.wikileaks.morphium.info/wikileaks-crs-reports/RS22955.pdf

US Trade Policy and the Caribbean: From Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements
http://mirror.wikileaks.morphium.info/wikileaks-crs-reports/RL33951.pdf

US Special Forces (SOF) Background and Issues for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21048_20090116.pdf

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40168_20090127.pdf

Invoking Cloture in the Senate
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-425_20070604.pdf

Emergency Spending: Statutory and Congressional Rules
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21035_20070724.pdf

The Emoluments Clause: History, Law, and Precedents
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40124_20090107.pdf

The President's State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40132_20090112.pdf

US Oil Exports
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40120_20081211.pdf

Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40110_20090105.pdf

The National Security Council: An Organizational Assessment
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30840_20081205.pdf

Climate Change: Action by States to Address Greenhouse Gas Emissions
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33812_20081204.pdf

The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-684_20081202.pdf

Congress as a Consumer of Intelligence Information
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40136_20090115.pdf

Covert Action: Legislative Background and Possible Policy Questions
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33715_20081201.pdf

Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40076_20081219.pdf

Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979: Background, Provisions, and Cost
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40005_20081217.pdf

Fairness Doctrine: History and Constitutional Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40009_20081208.pdf

The Federal Budget Current & Upcoming Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40088_20081210.pdf

Aviation and Climate Change
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40090_20081216.pdf

Resolving Legislative Differences in Congress: Conference Committees and Amendments Between Houses
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-696_20081126.pdf

GAO: Government Accountability Office and General Accounting Office
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30349_20080703.pdf

House and Senate Rules of Procedure: A Comparison
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30945_20080416.pdf

Senate Confirmation Process: An Overview
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/35647.pdf

Legislative Branch Staffing, 1954-2007
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40056_20081015.pdf

Salaries of Members of Congress: A List of Payable Rates and Effective Dates, 1989-2008
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-1011_20081126.pdf

Speaker of the House: House Officer, Party Leader, and Representative
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-780_20070129.pdf

Party Leaders in the US Congress, 1789-2009
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30567_20081125.pdf

Containing Financial Crisis
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34412_20081124.pdf

How to Develop and Write and Grant Proposal
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32159_20070525.pdf

A Low Carbon Fuel Standard: State and Federal Legislation and Regulations
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40078_20081223.pdf

Membership of the 111th Congress: A Profile
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40086_20081231.pdf

The Motion to Recommit in the US House of Representatives: Effects, Recent Trends, and Options for Change
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34757.pdf

Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30959.pdf

Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2009
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30567.pdf

US Motor Vehicle Industry: Federal Financial Assistance and Restructuring
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RLXXXXX_20081203.pdf

A US-Centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40001_20081201.pdf

US Global Climate Change Policy: Evolving Views on Cost, Competitiveness, and Comprehensiveness
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30024.pdf

Climate Change: Federal Laws and Policies Related to Greenhouse Gas Reductions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31931.pdf

The Carbon Cycle: Implications for Climate Change and Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34059.pdf

Are Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rising More Rapidly Than Expected?
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22970.pdf

Climate Change and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS): Kyoto and Beyond
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34150.pdf

Climate Change: Design Approaches for a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33799.pdf

Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Perspectives on the Top 20 Emitters and Developed vs. Developing Nations
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32721.pdf

Climate Change: Three Policy Perspectives
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-738.pdf

The World Bank's Clean Technology Fund
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22989_20081124.pdf

China's Currency: A Summary of the Economic Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21625_20081120.pdf

Presidential Transitions: Issues Involving Outgoing and Incoming Administrations
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34722_20081125.pdf

The President-elect: Succession and Disability Issues During the Transition Period
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22992_20081126.pdf

Developments in Oil Shale
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34748_20081117.pdf

US Arms Sales: Agreements With and Deliveries to Major Clients, 2000-2007
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34768_20081126.pdf

Closing a Congressional Office: Overview and Guide to House and Senate Practices
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34553_20080630.pdf

Senate Committees: Categories and Rules for Committee Assignments
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-183_20061026.pdf

House Committees: Categories and Rules for Committee Assignments
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-151_20080320.pdf

Committee Assignment Process in the US Senate: Democratic and Republican Party Procedures
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30743_20061103.pdf

North Korea: Terrorism List Removal?
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL30613.pdf

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT): Issues for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34270_20080128.pdf

Minerals Price Increases and Volatility: Causes and Consequences
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34695_20081003.pdf

Taiwan-US Relations: Recent Developments and Their Policy Implications
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34683_20081003.pdf

The US Secret Service: An Examination and Analysis of Its Evolving Missions
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34603_20081003.pdf

The Role of Offsets in a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cap-and-Trade Program: Potential Benefits and Concerns
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34436_20080922.pdf

China's Holdings of US Securities: Implications for the US Economy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34314_20081002.pdf

Cuba: US Restrictions on Travel and Remittances
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31139_20080928.pdf

US Nuclear Cooperation With India: Issues for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL33016.pdf

The US Trade Deficit, The Dollar, and the Price of Oil
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34686_20080929.pdf

The Federal Workforce: Characteristics and Trends
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34685_20080930.pdf

Net Neutrality: Background and Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22444_20080916.pdf

Cuba: Issues for the 110th Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33819_20080924.pdf

Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33663_20080925.pdf

Presidential Succession: Perspectives, Contemporary Analysis, and 110th Congress Proposed Legislation
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34692.pdf

Economic Slowdown: Issues and Policies
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34349_20080929.pdf

Financial Market Intervention
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22963_20080929.pdf

Sovereign Wealth Fund: Background and Policy Issues for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34336_20080903.pdf

The US Farm Economy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21970_20080902.pdf

Submission of the President's Budget in Transition Years
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20752_20080915.pdf

The Economic Implications of the Long-Term Federal Budget Outlook
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32747_20080827.pdf

The US Financial Crisis: Lessons from Japan
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22960_20080929.pdf

Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34680_20080923.pdf

Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20348_20080924.pdf

The North Korean Economy: Leverage and Policy Analysis
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32493.pdf

Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RS22937.pdf

The Cost of Goverment Financial Intervention, Past and Present
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22956_20080923.pdf

The Buy American Act
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-765_20080829.pdf

US International Trade: Trends and Forecast
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33577_20080905.pdf

Japan's Political Turmoil in 2008: Background and Implications for the US
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22951_20080916.pdf

Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress?
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33733_20080128.pdf

US Periods of War
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21405_20080819.pdf

Iran's Economy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34525_20080822.pdf

International Trade: Rules of Origin
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34524_20080822.pdf

Franking Privilege: An Analysis of Member Mass Mailings in the House
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34458_20080416.pdf

Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21857_20080815.pdf

US Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22204_20080812.pdf

Current Economic Conditions and Selected Forecasts
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30329_20080822.pdf

World Trade Organization Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32060_20080818.pdf

US Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21118_20080815.pdf

Gasoline and Oil Prices
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34625_20080820.pdf

Financial Turmoil: Federal Reserve Policy Responses
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34427_20080407.pdf

US International Trade: Trends and Forecasts
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33577_20080104.pdf

The Federal Government Debt: Its Size and Economic Significance
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31590_20080129.pdf

Former Presidents: Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34631_20080822.pdf

Globalization, Worker Insecurity, and Policy Approaches
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34091.pdf

The Future Role of US Trade Policy: An Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22914_20080724.pdf

The United States as a Debtor Nation
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32964_20080722.pdf

Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31849_20080808.pdf

Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22937_20080812.pdf

Countries of the World and International Organizations: Sources of Information
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/96-816_20080130.pdf

Access to Government Information in the United States
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-71_20080313.pdf

Why Certain Trade Agreements are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-896_20080415.pdf

The Executive Office of the President: A Historical Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-606_20080317.pdf

Introduction to the Federal Budget Process
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-721_20080307.pdf

The United States Flag
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30243_20080414.pdf

GAO: Government Accountablility Office and General Accounting Office
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30349_20080703.pdf

Federal Government Corporations: An Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30365_20080131.pdf

Advanced Vehicle Technologies
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30484_20071206.pdf

The Quasi Government
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30533_20080131.pdf

Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons and Missiles: Status and Trends
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30699_20080220.pdf

Enrollment of Legislation: Relevant Congressional Procedures
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34480_20080507.pdf

Presidential Transitions
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30736_20080211.pdf

Financing Issues and Economic Effects of American Wars
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31176_20080729.pdf

Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-508_20080725.pdf

The US Secret Service: An Examination and Analysis of Its Evolving Missions
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34603_20080731.pdf

China's "Hot Money" Problems
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22921_20080721.pdf

The Depreciating Dollar: Economic Effects and Policy Response
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34582_20080717.pdf

Costs of Major US Wars
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22926.pdf

Lobbying Regulations on Nonprofit Organizations
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/96-809_20080507.pdf

Inflation: Core vs. Headline
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22705_20080501.pdf

Currency Manipulation: The IMF and WTO
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22658_20080508.pdf

Outsourcing and Insources Jobs in the US Economy: Evidence Bases on Foreign Investment Data
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32461_20080513.pdf

Weak Dollar Strong Dollar: Causes and Consequences
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31985_20080507.pdf

Distribution of Tax Burden Across Individuals: An Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32693_20041213.pdf

High Agricultural Commodity Prices: What are the Issues?
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34474_20080529.pdf

The Overseas Private Investment Corporation: Background and Legislative Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-567_20080522.pdf

Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-508_20080513.pdf

Canada-US Relations
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/96-397_20080512.pdf

Climate Change: Current Issues and Policy Tools
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34513_20080603.pdf

Natural Gas Markets: Overview and PolicyIssues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34508_20080523.pdf

Nanotechnology and US Competitiveness: Issues and Options
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34493.pdf

Nanotechnology: A Policy Primer
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34511.pdf

Unanimous Consent Agreements
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34491_20080519.pdf

Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31849_20080501.pdf

The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31967_20080429.pdf

Financing the US Trade Deficit
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33274_20080422.pdf

Ocean Commissions: Ocean Policy Review and Outlook
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33603_20080425.pdf

Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Current Policy and Conditions
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30354_20080430.pdf

Weak and Failing States: Evolving Security Threats and US Policy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34253_20080418.pdf

Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22867_20080429.pdf

Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House: Member and Committee Requirements
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22866_20080429.pdf

Japan's Nuclear Future: Policy Debate, Prospects, and US Interests
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34487.pdf

The National Security Council: An Organizational Assessment
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL30840.pdf

Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22331_20080312.pdf

Inflation: Causes, Costs, and Current Status
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30344_20080228.pdf

Fischer-Tropsch Fuels from Coal, Natural Gas, and Biomass: Background and Policy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34133_20080327.pdf

Foreign Direct Investment: Current Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33984_20080404.pdf

Transportation Fuel Taxes: Impacts of a Repeal or Moratorium
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34475_20080507.pdf

High Agricultural Commodity Prices: What are the Issues?
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34474_20080506.pdf

The US Trade Situation for Fruit and Vegetable Products
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34468_20080430.pdf

Outer Continental Shelf: Debate Over Oil & Gas Leasing and Revenue Sharing
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33493_20080122.pdf

US Airline Industry: Issues and the Role of Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34467_20080430.pdf

Foreign Investment, CFIUS, and Homeland Security: An Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22863_20080417.pdf

What is the Farm Bill?
http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/RS22131.pdf

Organizing the US Government for National Security
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34455.pdf

2008-2009 Presidential Transition: National Security Considerations and Options
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34456.pdf

Food Price Inflation: Causes and Impact
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22859_20080410.pdf

The Role of Offsets in a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cap-and-Trade Program
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34436_20080404.pdf

Radio Free Asia: Background, Funding, and Policy Issues
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-51_19990721.pdf

The Disparity Between Retail Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Prices
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34431_20080331.pdf

The Committee System in the US Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20794_20030502.pdf

Cuba's Political Succession: From Fidel to Raul Castro
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22742_20080229.pdf

The United States as a Net Debtor Nation
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32964_20080131.pdf

Understanding Stagflation and the Risk of Its Recurrence
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34428_20080331.pdf

Averting Financial Crisis
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34412_20080321.pdf

The Budget for Fiscal Year 2009
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34419_20080319.pdf

Secret Sessions of Congress: A Brief Historical Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20145_20070530.pdf

Traditional and Roth Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): A Primer
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34397_20080303.pdf

Fusion Centers: Issues and Options for Congress
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL34070.pdf

North American Oil Sands: History of Development, Prospects for the Future
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34258.pdf

US Nuclear Weapons: Changes in Policy and Force Structure
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL31623.pdf

Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL32572.pdf

How Large is China's Economy? Does it Matter?
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22808_20080213.pdf

Direct Assaults Against Presidents, President-Elect, and Candidates
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20821_20080107.pdf

US Special Forces
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21048_20080125.pdf

The Islamic Traditions of Wahhabism and Salafiyya
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21695_20080124.pdf

The Changing US-Japan Alliance: Implications for US Interests
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33740.pdf

Presidential Transitions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30736.pdf

What is a Recession, Who Decides When It Starts, and When Do They Decide?
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22793_20080123.pdf

US Foreign Aid to Israel
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33222_20080102.pdf

Sovereign Wealth Funds: Background and Policy Issues for Congress
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34336_20080128.pdf

Presidential Travel: Policy and Cost
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21835_20070410.pdf

Net Neutrality: Background and Issues
http://opencrs.com/document/RS22444

EU-US Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude
http://opencrs.com/document/RL30608

Congressional Salaries & Allowances
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30064_20070830.pdf

China's Holdings of US Securities: Implications for the US Economy
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34314_20080109.pdf

Dollar Crisis: Prospects & Implications
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34311_20080108.pdf

Foreign Ownership of US Financial Assetts
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34319_20080114.pdf

Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2008: A Brief Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34298_20071228.pdf

Resolving House Committee Jurisdictional Disputes: A Survey of Options
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34293_20071226.pdf

Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress?
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33733.pdf

US Arms Sales
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL34291.pdf

Islam: Sunnis and Shiites
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21745.pdf

Congressional Franking Privilege: An Overview
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22710_20070822.pdf

Journalists' Privilege: Overview of the Law and Legislation
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/RL34193.pdf

Presidential Signing Statements: Constitutional and Institutional Implications
http://opencrs.com/document/RL33667

Presidential Directives: Background and Overview
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-611.pdf

Foreign Direct Investment: Effect of a "Cheap" Dollar
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34000_20071024.pdf

Would a Housing Crash Cause a Recession?
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34244_20071107.pdf

Climate Change: Science Update 2007
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34266_20071129.pdf

Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2007
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32170.pdf

Journalists' Privilege: Overview of the Law and Legislation in the 109th and 110th Congresses
http://opencrs.com/rpts/RL34193_20070928.pdf

Income Inequality and the US Tax System
http://www.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34155_20070904.pdf

Congressional Commissions, Committees, Boards, and Groups: Appointment Authority and Membership
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33313.pdf

The Role of National Oil Companies in the International Oil Market
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34137.pdf

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf

Nuclear Energy Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33558.pdf

China's Economic Conditions
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf

Japan's Currency Intervention: Policy Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33178.pdf

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catolog of Treaties and Agreements
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL33865.pdf

GAO: Government Accountability Office and General Accounting Office
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30349.pdf

The Committee Markup Process in the House of Representatives
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/RL30244.pdf

House Committee Markup: Vehicle for Consideration and Amendment
http://www.rules.house.gov/archives/98-188.pdf

Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview
http://opencrs.cdt.org/rpts/RS22188_20070618.pdf

National Continuity Policy: A Brief Overview
http://opencrs.cdt.org/document/RS22674

Former Presidents: Federal Expenditures for Pensions, Office Allowances, and Protection
http://opencrs.cdt.org/document/RL34034

Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/95-815.pdf

Senate Committee Rules in the 110th Congress: A Comparison of Key Provisions
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33972/

The Speech or Debate Clause: Recent Developments
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33668.pdf

Senate Committee Hearings: "Minority Witness Rule"
http://www.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22649_20070424.pdf

Veto Override Procedure in the House and Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22654_20070430.pdf

Tracking Current Federal Legislation & Regulations
http://www.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33895_20070228.pdf

Trade Remedies: A Primer
http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/RL32371.pdf

Tariff Modifications: Miscellaneous Duty Suspension Bills
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33867/

China's Impact on US Auto Industry
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33317.pdf

China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL31555.pdf

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Drivers
http://www.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33970_20070424.pdf

Trade Agreements: Impact on US Economy
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31932/

Sugar Policy Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33541/

Intelligence Spending: Public Disclosure Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/94-261/

The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22197/

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33388/

State and Local Economic Sanctions: Constitutional Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33948_20070402.pdf

Trade Primer: Qs and As on Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33944/

The 2006 Increase in US Motor Vehicle Imports from Japan
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22620/

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA): Issues, Options, and Prospects for Renewal
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33743/

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)/Fast-Track Renewal: Labor Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33864/

Trade Promotion Authority & Fast-Track Negotiating Authority for Trade Agreements: Chronology of Major Votes
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21004/

The US Farm Economy
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21970/

Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-508/

The World Trade Organization: Background & Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-928/

Trade Conflict and the US-European Union Economic Relationship
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30732/

Trade Negotiations During the 110th Congress
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33463/

Japan-US Relations: Issues for Congress
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33436/

Israel: Background and Relations with the United States
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33476

Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and US Policy
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33530.pdf

What's the Difference? -- Comparing US & Chinese Trade Data
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22640/

Who are the "Middle Class"?
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22627/

Cuba: US Restrictions on Travel & Remittances
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31139/

Cuba: Issues for the 110th Congress
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33819/

The "Farm Bill" in Brief
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22131/

Lobbyists and Interest Groups: Sources of Information
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20725/

Grassroots Lobbying: Constitutionality of Disclosure Requirements
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33794/

Roles and Duties of a Member of Congress
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33686/

The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-684/

Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33849/

Al Qaeda: Statements and Evolving Ideology
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32759/

Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33413/

The Islamic Traditions of Wahhabism and Salafiyya
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21695/

Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in US Institutions and the Labor Force
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-746/

Countries of the World and International Organizations: Sources of Information
http://www.opencrs.com/document/96-816/

Textile and Apparel Trade Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31723/

Congressional Oversight Manual
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30240/

Membership of the 110th Congress: A Profile
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22555/

The First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the Senate Floor
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20722/

The First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the House Floor
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30725_20061208.pdf

Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress?
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33733/

The Congressional Research Service and the American Legislative Process
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33471/

Foreign Investment in US Securities
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32462/

The Changing Demographic Profile of the United States
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32701/

Global Climate Change
http://www.opencrs.com/document/IB89005/

Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20748/

The Federal Excise Tax on Gasoline and the Highway Trust Fund: A Short History
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30304/

The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: History, Perspectives, and Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33341/

The European Parliament
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21998/

Group of Eight Summits: Evolution and Possible Reform
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22403/

Arts and Humanites: Background of Funding
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20287/

Nuclear Nonproliferation Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/IB10091/

Nuclear Weapons: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL33548.pdf

US Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL33640.pdf

Status of a Member of the House Who Has Been Indicted for or Convicted of a Felony
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33229/

Support Offices in the House of Representatives: Roles and Authorities
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33220/

Congress as a Consumer of Intelligence Information
http://www.opencrs.com/document/M20051214/

Comparing Automotive and Steel Industry Legacy Cost Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33169/

Secret Sessions of Congress: A Brief Historical Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20145/

Secret Sessions of the House and Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-718/

Senate Rules XIV Procedures for Placing Measures Directly on the Senate Calendar
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22309/

Sudan: Economic Sanctions
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32606/

Foreign Investment in the United States: Major Federal Statutory Restrictions
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33103/

Japan's Free Trade Agreement Program
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33044/

Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL33009/

Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30692/

Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2005
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30261/

Value-Added Tax as a Revenue Source
http://www.opencrs.com/document/IB91078/

House and Senate Chaplains
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20427/

Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-865/

Parliament and Congress: A Brief Comparison of the British House of Commons and the US House of Representatives
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32206/

Organization of American States: A Primer
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22095/

Cloture Attempts on Nominations
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32878/

An Overview of the Impeachment Process
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-806/

The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate's "Byrd Rule"
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30862/

Changing Senate Rules: The "Constitutinal" or "Nuclear" Option
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32684/

XVV Presidential Helicopter: Background and Issues for Congress
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22103/

Evolution of the Senate's Role in the Nomination and Confirmation Process: A Brief History
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31948/

Flat Tax Proposals and Fundamental Tax Reform: An Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/IB95060/

Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21857/

Trade Agreements: Procedures for Congressional Approval and Implementation
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32011/

Floor Procedures in the House of Representatives: A Brief Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-236/

US-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32649/

Congressional Gold Medals 1776-2005
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30076/

House and Senate Rules of Procedure: A Comparison
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30945/

Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-896/

The Federal Rulemaking Process: An Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32240/

Suspension of the Rules in the House of Representatives
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32474/

How Measures Are Brought to the House Floor: A Brief Introduction
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20067/

Availability of Legislative Proposals in the House of Representatives (The "Three-Day Rule")
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS22015/

"Dear Colleague" Letters: A Brief Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21667/

The Senate's Calendar of Business
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-429/

US Foreign Trade in Services: Definition, Patterns and Policy Challenges
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31579/

Affirmative Action Revisited: A Legal History and Prospectus
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30470/

Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32207/

Party Leaders in the House: Elections, Duties, and Responsibilities
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20881/

The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32611/

Electoral College: An Overview and Analysis of Reform Proposals
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30804/

Presidential and Vice Presidential Succession: Overview and Current Legislation
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31761/

Salaries of Federal Officials: A Fact Sheet
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-53/

International Monetary Fund: Organization, Functions, and Role in the International Economy
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32364/

Presidential Advisers' Testimony Before Congressional Committees: An Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31351/

The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21750/

The Asian Development Bank
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21437/

Foreign Terrorist Organizations
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL32223/

Salaries and Allowances: The Congress
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30064/

Salaries of Members of Congress: A List of Payable Rates and Effective Dates, 1789-2006
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-1011/

Casework in a Congressional Office
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-878/

Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate: Factsheet on Legislative and Administrative Duties
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-748/

Calling Up Measures on the Senate Floor
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-836/

How Measures Are Brought to the Senate Floor: A Brief Introduction
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20668/

The Congressional Budget Process Timetable
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-472/

Guide to Individuals Seated on the Senate Dais
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-397/

Flow of Business: Typical Day on the Senate Floor
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-865/

Senate Leadership Structure: Overview of Party Organization
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20933/

Naming Post Offices Through Legislation
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21562/

Presidential Vetoes, 1789-Present: A Summary Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-148/

Presiding Officer: Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21553/

Voting and Quorum Procedures in the Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/96-452/

Committee of the Whole: An Introduction
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20147/

American National Government: An Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20443/

Floor Consideration of Conference Reports in the Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-737/

Floor Consideration of Conference Reports in the House
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-736/

National Debt: Who Bears the Burden?
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30520/

How Unanimous Consent Agreements Regulate Senate Floor Action
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20594/

Markup in Senate Committee: Considering Amendments
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-245/

Preparation for Senate Committee Markup
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-243/

Going to Conference in the Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20454/

The Discharege Rule in the House: Recent Use in Historical Context
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-856/

Senate Consideration of Treaties
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-384/

Senate Administrative Officers and Officials
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-418/

Senate Confirmation Process: An Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20986/

Congressional Investigations: Subpeonas and Contempt Power
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31836/

Senate Conferees: Their Selection and Authority
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-380/

Filibusters and Cloture in the Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30360/

Ordering a Roll Call Vote in the Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20199/

US Coal: A Primer on Major Issues
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL31819/

The Amending Process in the Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-853/

Conference Reports and Joint Explanatory Statements
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-382/

Islam: A Primer
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21432/

House Conferees: Selection
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20227/

Senate Leadership: Whip Organization
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20887/

House Leadership: Whip Organization
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20499/

House Standing Committee Chairs: Rules Governing Selection Procedures
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21165/

The President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30960/

House and Senate Vacancies: How are They Filled?
http://www.opencrs.com/document/97-1009/

The Legislative Process on the Senate Floor: An Introduction
http://www.opencrs.com/document/96-548/

Congress' Early Organization Meetings
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21339/

Special Order Speeches and Other Forms of Non-Legislative Debate in the House
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS21174/

Parliamentary Reference Sources: House of Representatives
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30787/

Parliamentary Reference Sources: Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30788/

House Leadership Structure: Overview of Party Organization
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20930/

House Committee Organization and Process: A Brief Overview
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20465/

The Pocket Veto: Its Current Status
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30909/

House Committee Hearings: Arranging Witnesses
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-304/

House Subcommittees: Assignment Process
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-610/

Subcommittees in the House of Representatives
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-544/

Voting in the Senate: Forms and Requirements
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-227/

Super-Majority Votes in the Senate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-779/

The Vice Presidency: Evolution of the Modern Office, 1933-2001
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30842/

Hearings in the House of Representatives: A Guide for Preparation and Procedure
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30539/

The Use of Task Forces in the House
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RS20421/

Decorum in House Debate
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-572/

One Minute Speeches: Current House Practices
http://www.opencrs.com/document/RL30135/

House Committee Hearings: Scheduling and Notification
http://www.opencrs.com/document/98-339/

Presidential Signing Statements: Constitutional & Institutional Implications
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33667.pdf